Coupling black and dark

I wrote earlier, in 2021, in the blog "cosmic coupling" that there may be a global connection between gravitational pull and push in the universe, possibly having equal but counter acting energy. Black holes represents the strongest gravitational pullers while dark energy is a pusher in the large scale. The research team led by University of Hawai'i theorized that as the ancient black holes were much larger than they should it means there must be another way these black holes are acquiring mass - gained from the dark energy. Later in 2023, their results showed that black holes gain mass in a way consistent with them containing vacuum energy, providing a source of dark energy and removing the need for singularities to form at their center. The measured amount of dark energy in the universe can be accounted for by black hole vacuum energy. The idea that black holes are a source of dark energy isn't new. In fact, it's part of Einstein's theory of general relativity. But this is the first time astronomers have obtained observational evidence to support the theory, leading to a growing body of literature studying the possibility of cosmological coupling in black holes.

The recenly (2024) published study used data from the first year of DESI (Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument) measurents that contains tens of millions of distant galaxies. The instrument peers billions of years into the past and collects data that can be used to determine how fast the universe is expanding with exquisite precision. In turn, these data can be used to infer how the amount of dark energy is changing in time. The team compared these data to how many black holes were being made in the deaths of large stars across the history of the universe. This provides a compelling clue supporting this idea of what dark energy is, the researchers said, because that increase in time agrees with how the amount and mass of black holes increased in time. This new study stengthens the hyphothesis that the growth rate of black holes and amount of dark energy are correlated. A key difference in the new paper is that the majority of the relevant black holes are younger than those previously examined. As new black holes were born in the deaths of massive stars, the amount of dark energy in the universe increased in the right way.

During cosmic inflation the eaely universe experienced a rapid expansion, pehaps driven by extreme dark energy. In the presence of higher density of vacuum energy ancient black holes may have grown faster. What is seen now with younger black holes, may prove a two way cosmic coupling. It's possible that what happened during inflation runs in reverse, the matter of a massive star becomes dark energy again during —like a little Big Bang played in reverse.


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